Application Notes:
This product is a high purity standard that is useful for the investigation of disorders and diseases. Polyhydroxyalkenoates,
polyesters produced by bacteria fermentation, are used for carbon and energy storage and are of interest in studies regarding
their synthesis, properties and mechanisms. Medium chain-length polyhydroxyalkenoate monomers such as 3-
hydroxyhexadecanoic acid may have pharmaceutical properties. The biologically natural chiral (R)-3-hydroxyhexcadecanoic
acid is an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. It has been suggested that the methyl ester of 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid
is an intercellular signal that autoregulates virulence gene expression1 and that it modulates production of PhcA-regulated
virulence factors in Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum. 3-Hydroxy fatty acids have been found to be converted to the
omega-fatty acid by the enzyme CYP4F11 and then into dicarboxylic acids in vivo.2 3-hydroxy fatty acids are used as
biomarkers for fatty acid oxidative disorders of both the long- and short-chain 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.3,4
References:
1. A. Flavier et al. “Identification of 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester as a novel autoregulator controlling virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum” Mol
Microbiol, vol. 26 pp. 251-259, 1997
2. M. Dhar et al. “Omega oxidation of 3-hydroxy fatty acids by the human CYP4F gene subfamily enzyme CYP4F11” Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 49,
pp. 612-624, 2008
3. P. Jones et al. “Improved Stable Isotope Dilution-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Serum or Plasma Free 3-Hydroxy-Fatty Acids and
Its Utility for the Study of Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid beta-Oxidation” Clinical Chemistry, vol. 46, pp. 149-155, 2000
4. P. Jones et al. “Accumulation of free 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the culture media of fibroblasts from patients deficient in long-chain l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA
dehydrogenase: a useful diagnostic aid” Clinical Chemistry, vol. 47(7) pp. 1190-1194, 2001