Application Notes:
This product is a methyl ester of 9(E),11(E)-Octadecadienoic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) which is an isomer of
linoleic acid. CLA is found mostly in lipids originating in ruminant animals including dairy products. It has several
biological properties including anti-carcinogenic activity, suppressing in vitro growth of human melanoma, colorectal, and
breast cancer cells, and exhibiting anti-atherogenic activity.1 It is thought that CLA itself may not have anti-oxidant
capabilities but may produce substances which protect cells from the detrimental effects of peroxides. 9(E),11(E)-CLA is a
minor component in natural sources of CLA and is used as a marker for free radical activity. Also, due to its being a minor
component it is very helpful as a comparison to the major isomers 9(Z),11(E)-CLA and 10(E),12(Z)-CLA. 9(E),11(E)-CLA
can exert antiinflammatory effects by increasing an endogenous repressor of IL-1 signaling2. It can induce expression of
genes involved in lipid metabolism of human macrophages and is a dietary occurring agonist of liver X receptor alpha.3
References:
1. H. MacDonald “Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Disease Prevention: A Review of Current Knowledge” Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol.
19 pp. 111S-118S, 2000
2. Y. Lee, J. Thompson and J. Heuvel “9E,11E-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Increases Expression of the Endogenous Antiinflammatory Factor, Interleukin-1
Receptor Antagonist, in RAW 264.7 Cells” The Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 139:10 pp. 1861-1866, 2009
3. J. Ecker et al. “The conjugated linoleic acid isomer trans-9,trans-11 is a dietary occurring agonist of liver X receptor alpha” Biochemical and biophysical
research communications, Vol. 388:4 pp. 660-666, 2009